Family: Boraginaceae Genus: Pentaglottis
Species: Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) Tausch ex L.H.Bailey
Common Name(s): green alkanet, bird’s-eye, evergreen bugloss, evergreen alkanet, five tongues; (Portuguese) lingua de boi
.
Pentaglottis sempervirens, commonly known as green alkanet, is a hardy perennial plant that is native to Europe and parts of Asia. Known for its stunning blue-purple flowers blossoming during spring and summer, this plant boasts a creeping root system, reaching lengths of up to one meter. Thriving in partial shade to full sun, it is commonly found in woodlands and on rocky slopes.
Etymology
The common name “alkanet” was derived from the Arabic word “al-henna,” and indicates a resemblance to henna dye, although it produces blue dye rather than red. The genus name Pentaglottis comes from the Greek words “penta,” meaning five, and “glotta,” meaning tongue. It likely refers to the five-lobed shape of the plant’s flowers. The species epithet sempervirens comes from Latin and means evergreen, referring to the plant’s characteristic of maintaining its green foliage throughout the year.156
Traditional Medicine
The roots have been used to treat a range of ailments, including skin conditions, respiratory problems, and digestive issues. In medieval Europe, the plant was believed to have protective properties and was often used in charms and amulets to ward off evil spirits. Travelers and traders carried the root, believing it possessed the power to neutralize poison, as protection from poisoned food and drink. Folk tales suggests it was also used for healing wounds and snake bites.157
Gastronomy
The leaves and shoots of the plant can be eaten as a salad green and the roots can be roasted and ground to make a coffee substitute. The plant has also been used in Italy for making a liquor called “Rosolio di pentaglottis.” While the plant is considered mildly toxic if ingested, it contains toxins that can be harmful if eaten in large quantities.158
Horticulture, Ornamental, and Other Colorful Uses
The beautiful blue-purple flowers of green alkanet are a striking addition to gardens. The roots of green alkanet contain a red dye that can be used to color fabrics, yarns and other materials.159
Ecology
The flowers of the plant are a source of nectar for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, while the seeds are a source of food for birds. The plant is also a host for the larvae of several species of butterflies.