Family: Rosaceae Genus: Pyracantha
Species: Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem
Common Name(s): scarlet firethorn, firethorn, pyracantha, buisson ardent, pyracanth
.
Pyracantha coccinea, commonly known as scarlet firethorn, is a species of flowering shrub native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia, and now widely cultivated in many parts of the world. It can grow to about 10-13 feet tall, with a similar spread. The leaves are glossy, dark green and oval in shape. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant, and appear in clusters in late spring.
Scarlet firethorn shares a botanical connection with apple and pear trees as it bears small, round berries classified as pome fruit, akin in structure to the fruits of apple and pear trees. The berries are typically bright red or orange, but in some varieties, can also be yellow or white.80
Etymology
The genus name Pyracantha comes from the Greek words “pyr,” meaning fire and “akanthos,” meaning thorn. This name likely refers to the plant’s sharp thorns and the fiery color of its berries.81
The species epithet coccinea is derived from the Latin word “coccineus,” meaning scarlet or crimson. It describes the vibrant red color of the berries produced by the plant.
Pyracantha coccinea essentially translates to “fire thorn with scarlet berries,” reflecting the plant’s notable features of sharp thorns and bright red berries.82
Fables, Folklore, and Mythology
In Feng Shui, Pyracantha coccinea is believed to bring positive energy and prosperity when planted near the entrance of a home.83
Horticulture, Ornamental, and Other Colorful Uses
The most striking feature of this shrub is the bright red berries, which persist on the branches well into winter. In fact, it’s a popular plant for Christmas decorations such as wreaths and centerpieces. Scarlet firethorn can be used as an ornamental shrub, hedge, screen, or espalier, and is a great choice for wildlife gardening as the berries are a food source for birds and other small mammals.84 Its thorny branches make it a good barrier to deter pedestrians and animals.
Notes on Toxicity
While scarlet firethorn has many benefits, it comes with some drawbacks. The berries of the plant can be toxic to humans if ingested, and the thorns can be quite sharp and can cause injury if not handled carefully.