Family: Ericaceae Genus: Erica  

Species: Erica arborea L.

Common Name(s): tree heath, tree heather; (Spanish) brezo arbóreo

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Erica arborea, commonly known as tree heath, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is native to the Mediterranean region, including parts of Spain, Italy, Greece, and North Africa. It belongs to the Ericaceae family, which also includes other popular plants such as heather, blueberries, and rhododendrons. Tree heath is drought-resistant and commonly found in rocky or sandy soils, on hillsides or cliffs, in a variety of soil types from acidic to alkaline, and in a variety of climates, although it prefers mild temperatures and moderate humidity. Tree heath can grow up to eight meters tall, although it usually stays around three to five meters tall. It has a slender trunk and smooth, reddish-brown bark. The flowers are small, white or pink, and bell-shaped, grow in clusters at the end of the branches, and bloom from late winter to early spring.

Traditional Medicine

Tree heath leaves and flowers have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including respiratory problems, digestive issues, and skin disorders. The plant contains compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help reduce inflammation and prevent oxidative damage to cells.144

Gastronomy

Tree heath can be used to add flavor and aroma to culinary dishes. In some regions, the plant is used to flavor meats, stews, and sauces, while in other regions it is used to make tea or liqueurs.145

In Spain, goat herders have been known to pluck the sweet fluorescent bubbly substance known as “burbujas de manganese” from the fruit and enjoy it as a candy by sucking on it.

Other Colorful Uses

The wood of tree heath is hard and durable, making it useful for woodworking and as a source of fuel. The plant is also used in the production of essential oils used in perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy.146

Ecology

Tree heath provides essential habitat and food for a range of insects and birds in the Mediterranean ecosystem. The shrub’s flowers are a valuable source of nectar for bees, hummingbirds and other pollinators, while its leaves provide shelter for a variety of insects. This ecologically important shrub is facing threats from habitat loss, climate change, and overharvesting