Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Melittis  

Species: Melittis melissophyllum L.

Common Name(s): bastard balm, drooping melittis, purple melittis; (Spanish) toronjil de monte, silgly toronji; (Galician) herba melisa

.

Melittis melissophyllum, commonly known as bastard balm, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is commonly found in meadows, woodlands, and along hedgerows throughout Europe and Asia. It is a hardy plant that prefers well-drained soil and partial shade, but can tolerate full sun. The flowers are striking purple-pink or white, and bloom in the late spring to early summer. The flowers have a pleasant sweet aroma similar to honey. The leaves become sweetly scented as they dry, and retain their fragrance for a long time.

Etymology

Melittis is derived from the Greek word “melitta,” which means “bee,” referring to the plant’s ability to attract bees with its nectar-rich flowers.225

The plant’s common names “drooping melittis” and “purple melittis” are based on the flower’s unique drooping shape and color.226

Traditional Medicine

Bastard balm is said to have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and pain-relieving properties. Crushed leaves or poultices made from the leaves were applied to cuts, bruises, and other minor wounds to help with healing and reduce inflammation. Infusions or decoctions made from the aerial parts of the plant have been used to alleviate respiratory issues such as coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats. It was also sometimes consumed as a tea or infusion to help with gastrointestinal discomfort.227

Gastronomy

The leaves of the plant have a slightly minty flavor and can be used in salads, sandwiches, or as a garnish. They can also be used to make a flavorful tea with a calming effect.228

Ecology

Bastard balm is a rich source of nectar for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, and a food source for birds and other small mammals. In some regions, bastard balm may face threats due to habitat loss or degradation. However, it is not generally considered to be a species at risk on a global scale.229