Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Ajuga

Species: Ajuga pyramidalis L.

Common Name(s): pyramid bugle, blue bugle, carpet bugle, limestone bugle; (Spanish) búgula piramidal, búgula de bosque

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Ajuga pyramidalis, also known as pyramidal bugle or blue bugle, is native to Europe and has been introduced to other parts of the world where it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. It has dark green, glossy leaves and is known for its striking blue, purple or pink flowers that bloom in the spring and summer.

Etymology

The genus name Ajuga originates from the Latin word “ajugo,” meaning to drive away or expel. This is thought to reference the medicinal properties attributed to some species within the Ajuga genus, which have been used in traditional herbal medicine to “expel” various ailments, hence the name.

Pyramidalis is derived from the Latin word “pyramidalis” meaning pyramid-shaped, referring to the pyramidal shape of its inflorescence (flower cluster).

The common name bugle, likely comes from the resemblance of the individual flowers to the musical instrument, the bugle.256

Traditional Medicine

While little information exists regarding the medical uses of pyramid bugle, the Ajuga genus has a long history of use in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties. Historically, it has been employed to treat respiratory issues like bronchitis and asthma, as well as digestive problems such as bloating, indigestion, and cramps. Additionally, it was used to alleviate menstrual pain and stimulate menstrual flow. The plant’s leaves and stems were typically used to prepare teas and decoctions, while its essential oils were incorporated into massage oils and topical creams.257, 258

Horticulture, Ornamental, and Other Colorful Uses

Pyramid bugle is commonly used in landscaping as a ground cover as it’s easy to grow and care for. It prefers well-drained soil and partial to full shade, but can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions. It is resistant to pests and diseases.

Ecology

The flowers of pyramid bugle provide nectar for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators, while the leaves serve as a crucial food source for caterpillars. Bumblebees are primary pollinators for this plant, and ants assist in seed dispersal, attracted by an oily appendage on the seeds.259