Family: Caprifoliaceae Genus: Valeriana
Species: Valeriana pyrenaica L.
Common Name(s): Pyrenean valerian, heart-leaved valerian; (Spanish) segundo nardo de montaña, valeriana, valeriana del pirineo
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Valeriana pyrenaica, commonly known as Pyrenean valerian, is a flowering plant native to the Pyrenees mountain range. This plant is known for its delicate white or pink flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer, producing a sweet and floral aroma.
Etymology
The genus name Valeriana comes from the Latin word “valere,” meaning to be strong. The plant may owe its name to its early presence in a Roman province belonging to the Valerius family, a prominent and ancient patrician family in ancient Rome known for their strength. The Valerius family, also known as the Gens Valeria, played a significant role in Roman history, particularly during the Republic.221
Traditional Medicine
Pyrenean valerian has been used in traditional herbal medicine for its sedative and calming properties. Preparations made from the roots have been used to promote relaxation, alleviate anxiety, and improve sleep quality.222
Other Colorful Uses
The plant’s roots have been used to make a yellow dye, and the dried plant material has been used as an insecticide and repellent.223
Ecology
Pyrenean valerian can be an indicator of ecological health because factors such as soil moisture, nutrient levels, and overall ecosystem stability can strongly influence its distribution and abundance. If the habitat is healthy and well-balanced, Pyrenean valerian is more likely to thrive. The plant is also an important food source for several species of herbivores, including deer and rabbits, and the flowers attract a variety of pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and moths. These animals help to spread the plant’s seeds and maintain its populations in the wild. The plant is considered to be an endangered species in some parts of its native range due to habitat loss, overgrazing by livestock, and invasive species.224